A retrospective cohort analysis of robotic

Background: Same-day anterior-posterior spine surgery can be used to achieve circumferential lumbar fusion. Robotic spine surgery can augment this by placing highly accurate percutaneous pedicle screws. The purpose of this study is to compare the impact of robotic-assisted surgery on outcomes following 1-2 level same-day robotic anterior and posterior lumbar spinal fusion (APF). Methods: Adult patients undergoing 1-2 level APF from 2018-2022 were identified from a single surgeon database and stratified into two cohorts: (I) non-robotic surgery; and (II) robotic surgery. Pre-operative, intra-operative, perioperative, six-week, and six-month variables were assessed. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable regression were performed using Stata 17.0. Results: Ninety-seven consecutive patients were identified who underwent 1-2 level same-day APF. Of these patients, 70 underwent robotic surgery while 27 underwent open surgery. The mean age was 51.40 years [standard deviation (SD) 11.03], and 46 patients (47%) were female. Using bivariate analysis, patients who underwent robotic-assisted surgery had shorter hospital length of stay (2.86 Conclusions: Decreased perioperative hospital length of stay and increased POD1 mobility were found to be independently associated with robotic anterior-posterior same-day spinal fusion surgery when controlling for age, levels fused, and operative time.