ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry2026
Prevalence and Association of Mandibular Three-Rooted Deciduous Second and Permanent First Molars: A Retrospective CBCT Study in Iraqi Pediatric Population.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of three-rooted mandibular deciduous second molars (3RME) and three-rooted mandibular permanent first molars (3RM6) in Iraqi children and to evaluate their association using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed CBCT scans of Iraqi children aged 7-12 years (N = 196). Root morphology was assessed in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Prevalence was calculated at the patient level (presence of ≥1 affected tooth). Associations between 3RME and 3RM6 were tested using the chi-square test, and age/sex were explored as predictors using logistic regression. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability were assessed with Cohen's kappa. Results: Three-rooted morphology was identified in 3/196 children for 3RME (1.53%; 95% CI 0.52-4.40) and 10/196 children for 3RM6 (5.10%; 95% CI 2.80-9.14). A significant association was observed between 3RME and 3RM6 (χ Conclusion: Three-rooted mandibular molars were uncommon in this Iraqi pediatric sample; however, 3RME co-occurred significantly with 3RM6, indicating a strong association that may be clinically useful for anticipatory diagnosis and treatment planning.
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