Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42157958›Full record

ArticleCase reports in critical care2026

Recurrent Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Patient With Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1.

Jason T Stemple, Kamal Abulebda, Grace F Ryan, Nadine G Haddad, Alden F Dewey, Jennah C Foltz, Laurence E Walsh, Riad Lutfi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Case reports in critical care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jason T StempleDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, indiana.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5380-4843
Kamal AbulebdaDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, indiana.edu.
Grace F RyanDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, indiana.edu.
Nadine G HaddadDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Indiana University School of Medicine/Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Alden F DeweyDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Indiana University School of Medicine/Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5419-1298
Jennah C FoltzDivision of Medical & Molecular Genetics Riley Children's Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, indiana.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6381-5430
Laurence E WalshDepartment of Neurology, Genetics, and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, indiana.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-1317
Riad LutfiDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, indiana.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-7113

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome Type 1, also known as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APS-1/APECED), is a rare monogenic autoimmune disorder with increasing recognition of neurologic manifestations. We report a critically ill adolescent female with APS-1 and a prior history of autoimmune encephalitis who presented with acute encephalopathy and seizures. Electroencephalography demonstrated focal seizures superimposed on ictal-interictal continuum activity, and brain MRI revealed cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum. High-titer glutamic acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibodies supported a relapse of autoimmune encephalitis after other potential etiologies were excluded. The patient demonstrated marked clinical improvement following aggressive immunotherapy, including plasma exchange, high-dose corticosteroids, and rituximab. This case highlights the diagnostic and management challenges of autoimmune encephalitis in patients with APS-1, and to our knowledge, represents the first reported case of recurrent autoimmune encephalitis in this population with a favorable response to early immunomodulatory therapy.

Identifiers

PMID42157958
PMCPMC13181320

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.