ArticleBMC pediatrics2026
HIV positivity rate, mother-to-child transmission and associated factors among HIV exposed infants in Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDespite the availability of lifelong anti-retroviral medication (ART) and improved prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) activities, MTCT remains a major factor contributing to new pediatric infections. As a result of service gaps and time instability, the proportion of HIV-positive exposed children has persisted, even with a reduction in the overall incidence of the infection globally. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HIV positivity rate, MTCT and associated factors among HIV exposed infants in Western Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2,868 infants whose specimens were submitted for EID at the Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2025. Data were extracted from the EID database, entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to characterize the study population. To identify factors associated with the rate of MTCT of HIV, logistic regression analysis was employed. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated to assess the strength of associations, with statistical significance defined as a p-value of less than 0.05.
resultsThe mean age of the infants was 8.5 (± 5.4), and 52% were male. The overall HIV positivity rate was 3.5%, increasing from 1.7% in 2016 to a peak of 6.3% in 2018, before declining to 1.9% by 2022 after a transient rise in 2021 (5.1%). Significant determinants of MTCT included being newly initiated to ART (AOR = 5.603; 95% CI: 2.710-11.587), unknown maternal ART status (AOR = 4.125; 95% CI: 2.143-7.941), absence of PMTCT intervention (AOR = 2.334; 95% CI: 1.199-4.546), and absence of infant prophylaxis (AOR = 7.062; 95% CI: 3.918-12.727).
conclusionThe study found fluctuating trends in MTCT of HIV over the ten years. Strengthening comprehensive PMTCT services and ensuring consistent ART coverage are critical to eliminating pediatric HIV.
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