ArticleScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2026
Impact of emergency medical services volume on outcomes and management in prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhile volume-outcome relationships for non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been reported in hospital settings, the impact of prehospital exposure, particularly for the rare and clinically complex entity of traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA), remains uncertain and may influence emergency medical services (EMS) proficiency and survival. The study aimed to assess the relationship between exposure of emergency medical services to traumatic cardiac arrest cases and patients' survival.
methodsWe conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study using data from the French nationwide out of hospital cardiac arrest registry (RéAC) from July 2011 to March 2023. EMS volume was defined by the number of traumatic cardiac arrests managed by physician-staffed EMS per year of participation in the registry. The primary outcome was survival upon hospital admission. Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 30-day survival, and 30-day survival with a favourable neurological outcome. We also investigated key prehospital management variables such as epinephrine administration, intubation, haemorrhage control procedures, fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, thoracostomy, on-scene time and transport time. A multivariable mixed model was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics.
resultsAmong 151,658 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 6,263 were identified as TCA (age 45 years [IQR 29;63]; 77% male) treated across 175 EMS bases. EMS volume ranged from 0.02 to 3.28 TCA per year. No significant relationship was observed between EMS volume and survival to hospital admission (OR 1.00; 95% CI [0.99-1.01]; p = 0.7), as well as with ROSC (OR 1.00; 95% CI [0.99-1.01]; p > 0.9), 30-day survival (OR 1.01; 95% CI [0.98-1.05]; p = 0.4) or 30-day survival with favourable neurological outcome (OR 1.02; 95% CI [0.97-1.07]; p = 0.4). Similarly, no significant associations were observed in pre-hospital interventions or on-scene and transportation times.
conclusionsEMS activity was not associated with differences in outcomes or management for traumatic cardiac arrest. Its rarity and lethality may hinder the acquisition and maintenance of provider expertise, highlighting the importance of targeted training.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.