Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42157153›Full record

ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2026

Narrow ungual tuberosity associated with ingrown toenail: a case-control study based on foot imaging.

Zhenlu Cao, Zhengdan Wang, Shengquan Ren, Chunlei Liu, Caifeng Wu, Xiaoheng Ding

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhenlu CaoDepartment of Hand and Foot Microsurgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, China.
Zhengdan WangDepartment of Hand and Foot Microsurgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, China.
Shengquan RenDepartment of Hand and Foot Microsurgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, China.
Chunlei LiuDepartment of Hand and Foot Microsurgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, China.
Caifeng WuDepartment of Hand and Foot Microsurgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, China.
Xiaoheng DingDepartment of Hand and Foot Microsurgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, China. dxhqd@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIngrown toenails are a common condition, yet their underlying cause remains unclear.

objectiveThis study investigates the association between the width of the distal phalanx of the hallux and the development of ingrown toenails. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This case-control study included 86 patients diagnosed with ingrown toenails and 102 healthy control subjects.

resultsThe mean age of patients in the ingrown toenail group was 31.71 ± 15.55 years, compared with 34.57 ± 12.30 years in the control group. The widest distance of the tuberositas unguis (TW) and the width of the nail bed (NB) were significantly lower in the ingrown toenail group than in the control group (9.97 ± 1.47 vs. 11.49 ± 1.04, p < 0.001; and 16.01 ± 2.65 vs. 17.14 ± 1.89, p = 0.001, respectively). In comparison, the width of the lateral nail fold (NF) was significantly greater in the ingrown toenail group than in controls (27.62 ± 4.43 vs. 25.82 ± 2.13, p = 0.001). Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only TW was negatively associated with ingrown toenail occurrence (odds ratio [OR] 0.279, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.143-0.544, p < 0.05).

conclusionAbnormal narrowing of the ungual tuberosity in the distal phalanx of the hallux appears to be a risk factor for ingrown toenails. These findings provide further insight into the etiology of this condition.

Indexed as

HalluxNailsNails, IngrownAdolescentAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsYoung AdultIngrown toenailPhalangesRisk factorsUngual tuberosity

Identifiers

PMID42157153
PMCPMC13359547

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