ArticleBMC genomics2026
Genetic background and plasmid-associated contig profiles of the beta-2 toxin coding genes cpb2 and atypical cpb2 in Clostridium perfringens.
Article in BMC genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBeta-2 toxin is considered an accessory toxin of C. perfringens encoded by both the cpb2 and atypical cpb2 (aty.cpb2) genes. However, the prevalence patterns and genomic backgrounds of cpb2/aty.cpb2 remain incompletely understood.
resultsIn this study, we performed a large-scale comparative genomic analysis of 865 cpb2- or aty.cpb2-positive C. perfringens strains. Genetic variation was detected across the full-length nucleotide sequences of both cpb2 and aty.cpb2, resulting in distinct predicted protein variants. Compared with aty.cpb2-positive strains, cpb2-positive strains exhibited clearer phylogenetic clustering, although the presence of cpb2 alone did not fully account for this pattern, indicating that cpb2 is associated with broader lineage-related genomic features. At the contig level, all cpb2-positive sequences were associated with pCP13-like plasmid backbones, whereas most aty.cpb2-positive sequences were linked to pCW3-like plasmid markers; the remaining aty.cpb2-positive sequences were distributed in distinct contig groups showing similarity to phage-associated or plasmid-associated reference sequences. Sequence annotation further showed that both cpb2 and aty.cpb2 were commonly adjacent to hp and a PadR-family transcriptional regulator, forming related local genetic segments.
conclusionsOverall, this study provides a comparative genomic characterization of cpb2/aty.cpb2-associated genetic contexts and identifies two distinct phage-like contig groups carrying aty.cpb2, thereby offering new insights into the genomic diversity and potential mobility of beta-2 toxin genes in C. perfringens.
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