ArticleScientific reports2026
Antiparasitic activity and molecular docking of canthin-6-one derivatives from LED- modulated Eurycoma longifolia roots against Blastocystis ST3 and ST7.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia (tongkat ali) is a widely recognized medicinal plant in Southeast Asia, valued for its bioactive alkaloids and quassinoids. Building on previous findings that light-emitting diode (LED) modulation enhances the antiproliferative activity of E. longifolia hairy root cultures (ELHRCs) crude extracts, this study aimed to isolate the specific active constituents, characterize their subtype-specific efficacy, and perform in silico analysis to evaluate potential interaction with proteases against Blastocystis ST3 and ST7. Through chromatographic purification and spectroscopic analysis (NMR, FT-IR, and GC-MS), two compounds canthin-6-one (1) and 9-methoxycanthin-6-one (2) were isolated from ELHRCs grown under various LED spectra for 10 weeks. Quantitative analysis revealed that compound 1 was specifically isolated from Red LED treatments. In contrast, compound 2 was successfully isolated across all treatments, with the highest yield (1.00%) obtained under Mint Green LED illumination. In vitro assays demonstrated that both compounds exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activity. Using nonlinear sigmoidal dose-response modelling, the values for compound 2 were determined to be 0.0427 mg/mL (ST3) and 0.0433 mg/mL (ST7), while compound 1 exhibited values of 0.0482 mg/mL (ST3) and 0.0603 mg/mL (ST7). Molecular docking studies targeting a cysteine protease surrogate revealed binding affinities of - 6.9 kcal/mol and - 7.3 kcal/mol for compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Although the standard drug metronidazole exhibited higher potency in vitro, these results indicate that LED-stimulated ELHRCs are a viable source for the production of canthin-6-one alkaloids with promising antiparasitic potential.
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