Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42156893›Full record

ArticleNature immunology2026

Differential assembly of mouse and human tumor microenvironments.

Tristan Courau, Rebecca G Jaszczak, Bushra Samad, Emily Flynn, Nayvin W Chew, Gabriella C Reeder, Jessica Tsui, Semhar Teklu, Lomax F Pass, Austin W Edwards and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Tristan CourauDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. tristan.courau@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-9516
Rebecca G JaszczakCoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Bushra SamadImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-0897
Emily FlynnCoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nayvin W ChewDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gabriella C ReederDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jessica TsuiDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Semhar TekluDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lomax F PassDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Austin W EdwardsCoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mohammad NaserCoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Arja RayDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Harrison WismerDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Daniel BunisCoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Leonard Lupin-JimenezCoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Noah V GavilDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
David MasopustDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-3884
John P GrahamThe Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
Daniel A SkellyThe Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-2216
Xavier VescoThe Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-0279-5923
Edison T LiuThe Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-4795
Gabriela K FragiadakisCoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-2591
Alexis J CombesDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9110-6542
Matthew F KrummelDepartment of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. max.krummel@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-3533

Funding

The Tumor Microenvironment Niche of Type I conventional Dendritic CellsR01CA197363 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MATTHEW F KRUMMEL · 2017 to 2026
$4.5M
Discovery Methods for Functional Immune Niches in CancerR21CA301376 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KRUMMEL, MATTHEW F · 2025 to 2025
$422k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA197363NCI NIH HHS R21 CA301376U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) R01CA197363
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mouse models are frequently used to develop treatments for human cancer. However, the degree to which their tumor microenvironments (TMEs) are synonymously assembled is particularly poorly characterized. Through systematic immunoprofiling of 15 commonly used mouse models, we found that most murine TMEs recapitulate the composition of poorly infiltrated human tumors, extensively biased toward high macrophage densities. We discovered substantial species-specific biases of chemokine expression networks known to drive TMEs assembly, together with discoordinated frequencies of T and myeloid cell subtypes. Even with variable alignment, conserved cell-type-specific gene expression programs emerged across species and cohorts. Dissecting the coordinated T cell-myeloid gene expression programs revealed a conserved axis between interferon-responsive myeloid states and ongoing T cell cytotoxicity that transcends tissue of origin and predicts clinical outcome. Collectively, this work provides a practical atlas outlining both the hazards and opportunities of using mice to model human cancer.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsChemokinesDisease Models, AnimalGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMacrophagesMiceMyeloid CellsSpecies SpecificityT-LymphocytesChemokines

Identifiers

PMID42156893
PMCPMC13226090

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.