Comparative insecticidal efficacy and biochemical impact of nano-encapsulated citronella and geranium essential oils against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Enas Adel Abd-Elatef, Abeer Mohammed, Soad Mohamed Osman, Mona N Wahba, Ahmed A El-Rashedy, Hanaa E Sadek

Abstract readComparative Study

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Insecticidal activity, chemical characterization, and biochemical responses induced by selected essential oils against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).Scientific reports · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Enas Adel Abd-ElatefPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center ( ARC), Giza, Egypt.

Abeer MohammedMicrobial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.

Soad Mohamed OsmanPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center ( ARC), Giza, Egypt.

Mona N WahbaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center ( ARC), Giza, Egypt.

Ahmed A El-RashedyChemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.

Hanaa E SadekDepartment of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt. hanyean2005@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study assessed the insecticidal efficacy of bulk and nano-formulated essential oils of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) against the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) under controlled laboratory conditions. Nano-formulations were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) via oil-in-water emulsification, achieving high encapsulation efficiencies (EE%) of 96.16% for citronella and 94.16% for geranium oils, with corresponding loading capacities (LC%) of 77.43% and 76.35%, respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 20 to 60 nm. Bioassay results revealed that nano-citronella exhibited the highest insecticidal activity, with the lowest LC₅₀ value (0.4111 × 10

Indexed as

CymbopogonGeraniumInsecticidesOils, VolatilePlant OilsSpodopteraAnimalsMolecular Docking SimulationNanoparticlesInsecticidesOils, VolatilePlant OilsBionomicsCitronella oilEnzymatic analysesGeranium oilMolecular dockingNano-emulsionsPEGSpodoptera littoralisToxicity

Identifiers

PMID42156812

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-52470-2

PMCPMC13186964

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.