Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42156783›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Convergent validation of the Involuntary Autobiographical Memory Inventory across levels of analysis in a Polish sample.

Krystian Barzykowski, Ewa Ilczuk, Sezin Öner, Paulina Chwiłka, Michał Wereszczyński, Wiktoria Jakubowska, Justyna Hobot, Michał Wierzchoń

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Krystian BarzykowskiApplied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. krystian.barzykowski@uj.edu.pl.
Ewa IlczukApplied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Sezin ÖnerApplied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Paulina ChwiłkaApplied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Michał WereszczyńskiApplied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Wiktoria JakubowskaConsciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Justyna HobotCentre for Brain Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Michał WierzchońConsciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2017/27/B/HS6/00937Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2019/35/B/HS6/00528
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We adapted the Involuntary Autobiographical Memory Inventory (IAMI) into Polish and examined its psychometric properties and convergent validity using a multi-level validation approach. The IAMI assesses individual differences in the frequency of involuntary autobiographical memories and future-oriented thoughts. In Study 1, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis and tested convergent validity using a laboratory vigilance task that objectively captured involuntary past and future thoughts under controlled conditions. In Study 2, we replicated the factorial structure and further examined convergent validity through associations with mind-wandering, emotional distress, and interoceptive sensitivity. Across both studies, confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure distinguishing involuntary past and future thoughts, with strong internal consistency. Importantly, IAMI scores predicted both laboratory-elicited involuntary thoughts and theoretically related self-report constructs, providing convergent validity across self-report, behavioural, and bodily-level measures. Together, these findings demonstrate that the Polish adaptation of the IAMI is not only a reliable and valid instrument but also offers novel insights into the cognitive and embodied mechanisms underlying involuntary mental time travel. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on spontaneous thought processes and their links to cognition and emotion.

Indexed as

Memory, EpisodicAdolescentAdultEmotionsFemaleHumansMalePolandPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSelf ReportThinkingYoung AdultEmotional distressInteroceptionInvoluntary autobiographical memoriesInvoluntary future thoughtsInvoluntary thoughtsMind-wandering

Identifiers

PMID42156783
PMCPMC13388914

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