ArticleScientific reports2026
Reinvestigation of a paternity case with three CODIS core STR inconsistencies using MPS-based multi‑marker analysis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A routine paternity test using 23 autosomal short tandem repeats (A-STRs) revealed three Mendelian inconsistencies at D21S11, D13S317, and D7S820 between the alleged father and child, yielding a combined paternity index (CPI) below the confirmation threshold (CPI > 10⁴) stipulated in the Chinese technical specifications. Extended capillary electrophoresis typing of 48 A-STRs and 17 Y-STRs eliminated further mismatches and raised the CPI above the standard. Subsequent massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of 54 A-STRs, 27 X-STRs, 48 Y-STRs, 132 identity-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (iiSNPs), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provided both length- and sequence-based genotypes. The CPI reached 2.78 × 10²¹ (A-STRs) and 6.28 × 10¹⁷ (iiSNPs), strongly supporting the paternity. All other marker systems were consistent with the alleged relationships. The three observed incompatibilities were attributed to single-step paternal mutations. This case highlights the risk of misinterpreting multi-locus STR mismatches and demonstrates the value of MPS-based genotyping in resolving complex paternity evaluations.
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