Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42156542›Full record

ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026

Blood biomarker-based risk factors and predictive model for middle ear cholesterol granuloma.

Zhuangchenyang Wang, Qianyou Zheng, Ruihan Xia, Qiuyang Zhu, Caili Ji, Xiaowen Zhang, Shenling Li, Tao Fu

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhuangchenyang WangDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Qianyou ZhengDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Ruihan XiaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Qiuyang ZhuDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Caili JiDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Xiaowen ZhangDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Shenling LiDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
Tao FuDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Rd, LaoShan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China. futaoent@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-5518

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMiddle ear cholesterol granuloma (CG) is an uncommon inflammatory lesion often arising in patients with persistent otitis media with effusion (OME). Although local pathological mechanisms have been well described, the contribution of systemic factors has not been clearly defined.

objectivesTo investigate blood-derived risk indicators for middle ear CG and to establish a predictive model capable of early risk assessment in OME patients.

methodsThis retrospective case-control study included 31 patients with surgically and histologically verified CG and 60 patients with uncomplicated OME. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters were compared. Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify independent predictors. A multivariable prediction model was generated, and its diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

resultsHypertension (OR = 22.77, 95% CI: 2.82-183.85; P = 0.003), higher total cholesterol levels (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.15-3.03; P = 0.011), and increased serum albumin (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03-1.50; P = 0.022) were identified as independent risk factors for CG. Eosinophil count demonstrated a negative association (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99; P = 0.025). While single blood indicators showed modest performance (AUCs < 0.65), the combined model yielded stronger discrimination with an AUC of 0.801 (95% CI: 0.699-0.904; P < 0.001).

conclusionThis study highlights systemic metabolic and inflammatory contributors-including hypertension and dyslipidemia-to the development of middle ear CG. The composite model offers a practical tool for identifying high-risk OME patients and may support earlier surveillance and clinical intervention.

Indexed as

CholesterolEar, MiddleGranulomaOtitis Media with EffusionAdultAgedBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansHypertensionLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentBiomarkersCholesterolSerum AlbuminBlood biomarkersDyslipidemiaHypertensionMiddle ear cholesterol granulomaOtitis media with effusionPredictive model

Identifiers

PMID42156542

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.