Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42155951›Full record

ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2026

Association of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity with incident dementia, cognitive functions, and brain structure: findings from the UK Biobank Study.

Xinyue Zhang, Wenyang Han, Yiqun Li, Pinni Yang, Yiming Jia, Lulu Sun, Ruirui Wang, Mengyao Shi, Xiaowei Zheng, Yonghong Zhang and 1 more

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Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xinyue ZhangPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
Wenyang HanPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
Yiqun LiPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
Pinni YangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
Yiming JiaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
Lulu SunDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
Ruirui WangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
Mengyao ShiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
Xiaowei ZhengPublic Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: zxw19921212@163.com.
Yonghong ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: yhzhang@suda.edu.cn.
Zhengbao ZhuDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: zbzhu@suda.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeveral small-sample studies have suggested that sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are implicated in cognitive decline. We aimed to prospectively investigate the associations of possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with incident dementia, cognitive functions, and brain structure based on the UK Biobank.

methodsA total of 420,916 participants without dementia and cardiovascular diseases at baseline were analyzed. Sarcopenia status was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Obesity was defined according to body mass index. Cox models were applied to evaluate the longitudinal associations.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 13.69 years, 4,019 incident all-cause dementia events (including 2,650 Alzheimer's disease and 527 vascular dementia) were recorded. Comparted with individuals without sarcopenia, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of all-cause dementia were 1.44 (1.32-1.58), 1.37 (1.03-1.82) and 3.06 (1.89-4.93) for those with possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, respectively. Individuals with sarcopenic obesity (hazard ratios = 1.69, 1.41-2.03) had the highest risk of all-cause dementia than those with obesity only, sarcopenia only or neither. The significant associations remained in all dementia types (Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia). In addition, those with sarcopenic obesity was associated with unfavorable cognitive functions, and worse brain structure.

conclusionsOur findings suggested that possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia and its subtypes.

Indexed as

BrainCognitionDementiaObesitySarcopeniaAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUK BiobankUnited KingdomAlzheimer’s diseaseDementiaSarcopeniaSarcopenic obesity

Identifiers

PMID42155951
PMCPMC13213763

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.