ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2026
Long-acting IL-7 restores T-cell reconstitution in a humanized mouse model of lymphopenia.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a clinical syndrome characterized by low CD4 T-cell counts (<300 cells/μL), occasionally accompanied by CD8 lymphopenia. ICL, which is associated with serious opportunistic infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases, has no established treatment.
objectiveWe tested NT-I7 (efineptakin alfa), a long-acting form of recombinant human (rh) IL-7, as a potential immunotherapy for ICL in a preclinical mouse model.
methodsMice received peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 individuals: 5 healthy donors and 10 persons with ICL. Mice receiving ICL cells were either untreated or treated with a single NT-I7 dose. Blood was sampled at different times, and spleens were collected on day 28 to compare lymphocyte reconstitution, IL-7Rα expression, and TCR clonality, while weight was monitored to detect potential graft-versus-host disease. In a single patient study, NT-I7 was administered, and blood lymphocytes were enumerated up to 98 days.
resultsIn mice that phenocopied their donors' lymphopenia, NT-I7 treatment restored CD4 T-cell counts to the levels observed in mice receiving lymphocytes from healthy donors. A single NT-I7 dose downregulated IL-7Rα on CD4-T cells for 2 to 3 weeks and increased T-cell counts with preserved polyclonality in 3 of 4 patients tested, without causing graft-versus-host disease. The lymphopenic NT-I7-treated patient experienced a 2- and 3-fold rise in CD4 and CD8-T cell numbers, respectively, 2 months after a single dose of NT-I7.
conclusionA single dose of NT-I7 restored T-cell numbers in a mouse model of ICL and improved lymphocyte counts in a single-patient study.
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