SynthesisJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2026
Beyond birth control: how oral contraceptives impact skeletal muscle health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are one of the most prescribed medications, yet we lack an understanding of whether and how OCPs affect nonreproductive tissues. Given the well-documented effects of sex hormones on skeletal muscle, including on muscle mass, regeneration, and recovery, our review was aimed at assessing the impact of OCPs on skeletal muscle physiology in female humans and animals. We performed a literature search, title through full text screening, and citation search in accordance with PROSPERO guidelines. Rigor and reproducibility were assessed using the Modified Downs and Black Checklist. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the impact of OCPs on skeletal muscle outcomes. Although our search included both clinical and preclinical studies, the 40 included studies were all clinical, with no identified preclinical studies. Studies focused on young (20-30 yr) sedentary to active females with a healthy BMI (18-27 kg/m
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