Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42154189›Full record

ArticleBiological trace element research2026

Association Between Lead Exposure and Anthropometric Indicators in School-aged Children: A Longitudinal Study.

Xiangju Wu, Yang Zhou, Linhong Li, Jieying Gao, Rongchang Xiao, Qian Yang, Meng Wu, Siyan Ye, Chengpeng Cui, Peng Lin and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biological trace element research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Xiangju WuEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yang ZhouEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Linhong LiEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jieying GaoEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Rongchang XiaoEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Qian YangEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Meng WuEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Siyan YeEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chengpeng CuiEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Peng LinEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ruifeng LuoEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ge YanDepartment of Orthopaedics, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 482596@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn.
Qin LiuEnvironmental and Population Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. liuqin@cqmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3063-8593

Funding

Chongqing Medical University Future Medical Innovation Team Support Program W0054National Natural Science Foundation of China 81973067Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0128
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective To investigate the association between lead exposure and anthropometric indicators in school-aged children. Methods Data were derived from a cohort of children in a district of Chongqing, Southwest China. At baseline, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on date of birth, sex, parental education, household income per capita, residence, birth weight, and feeding practices during the first six months. Anthropometric measurements were conducted at baseline and during three follow-up visits. Urinary lead levels were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Linear mixed-effects models were employed to evaluate the impact of urinary lead concentrations on anthropometric outcomes. Results A total of 699 children (423 boys and 276 girls) with a mean age of 7.92 ± 0.88 years were included. Urinary lead levels were negatively associated with body weight (β = -1.83; 95% CI: -3.14, -0.51), BMI (β = -0.70; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.14), WC (β = -2.16; 95% CI: -3.81, -0.51), HC (β = -1.69; 95% CI: -3.08, -0.30), WtHR(β = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.00), and BF% (β= -1.75; 95% CI: -3.43, -0.08). Longitudinal analysis indicated that, over each six-month interval, higher urinary lead levels were associated with an accelerated increase in BF% within a certain range. Conclusion Lead exposure in school-aged children is negatively associated with body weight, BMI, WC, HC, and BF%.These findings underscore the importance of minimizing lead exposure in children as early as possible.

Indexed as

AnthropometryEnvironmental ExposureLeadBody Mass IndexBody WeightChildChinaFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleLeadAnthropometric indicatorsLongitudinal studySchool-aged childrenUrinary lead

Identifiers

PMID42154189

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.