ReviewCurrent cardiology reports2026
Long-Term Care in Fontan Circulation: Surveillance and Management of Fontan-Associated Liver Disease and Protein-Losing Enteropathy.
Review in Current cardiology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewThis manuscript reviews the clinical spectrum and management of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), examining how chronic venous hypertension leads to multisystem injury. RECENT
findingsLiver fibrosis is now recognized as an early and nearly universal complication after the Fontan procedure, with cirrhosis affecting approximately 43% of patients by 30 years post-operation. Although post-2001 survival exceeds 90%, standard biomarkers and imaging frequently underestimate disease severity, as liver stiffness measurements are confounded by hepatic congestion. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for staging. FALD is an inevitable consequence of Fontan physiology, characterized by sinusoidal congestion and progressive fibrosis, while PLE results from multifactorial gastrointestinal protein loss. The key clinical implication is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, particularly when considering transition from isolated heart transplantation to combined heart-liver transplantation in advanced disease. Future research should prioritize standardized staging systems and targeted therapies to reduce lymphatic dysfunction and fibrosis progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.