Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42154138›Full record

Observational studyDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2026

Multifocal visual evoked potential in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.

Mohamed Ibrahim Salah, Amany Abd Al-Fattah El-Shazly, Doaa Maamoun Ashour, Mahmoud Ahmed Elsamkary, Mohamed Nabil Hamza, Randa Hesham Ali Abdelgawad

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mohamed Ibrahim SalahOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Amany Abd Al-Fattah El-ShazlyOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Doaa Maamoun AshourOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. drdoaa_ashour@med.asu.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-2668
Mahmoud Ahmed ElsamkaryOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed Nabil HamzaOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Randa Hesham Ali AbdelgawadOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess the visual function in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) without clinical optic neuropathy by multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) and to correlate the findings with Humphrey visual field (HVF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

methodsThis observational case-control study recruited a consecutive group of euthyroid TAO patients (excluding those with optic neuropathy) and a healthy matched control group. Ophthalmological assessment was done followed by HVF test, OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC), and mfVEP. For mfVEP, results were reported as mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of upper and lower sectors of rings 5-6 (9.9°-22°).

resultsThirty patients were included in each group (TAO patients and controls). No significant differences were observed between the groups in RNFL thickness, GCC thickness, or upper/lower hemifield VF parameters. Analysis of the mfVEP revealed that, before multiple comparisons correction, SNR was lower in TAO patients. A repeated measures analysis of variance confirmed significant main effects for both patient group (p = 0.004), and test location (comparing SNR in the upper vs. lower sectors of rings 5-6) (p < 0.001), but no significant interaction.

conclusionIn this limited cohort, initial analysis of mfVEP results suggested reduction of the SNR in TAO patients without clinical optic neuropathy, but these findings did not remain statistically robust after adjustment for multiple comparisons. mfVEP alterations occurred despite normal OCT and visual field findings and warrant further evaluation in larger, longitudinal studies.

Indexed as

Evoked Potentials, VisualGraves OphthalmopathyVisual FieldsAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNerve FibersRetinal Ganglion CellsTomography, Optical CoherenceVisual AcuityVisual Field TestsElectrophysiology in thyroid eye diseaseMultifocal visual evoked potentialPreclinical optic neuropathyThyroid associated ophthalmopathy

Identifiers

PMID42154138
PMCPMC13619650

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.