ArticleActa parasitologica2026
Novel Haemoproteus parasite lineage in Hooded Vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus) forms a distinct clade in Accipitriformes and highlights primer selection challenges in understudied avian hosts.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction Haemoproteus spp. (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) are widespread avian blood parasites known for their high genetic diversity and host specificity. Haemoproteus spp. can cause internal organ damage to their vertebrate hosts, which raises concerns about their health impacts. However, the distribution of Haemoproteus spp. in Africa, particularly among non-passerine birds, remains poorly understood, with unknown implications for species conservation. Sub-Saharan Africa, including The Gambia, hosts several critically endangered vulture species, including Hooded Vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus), yet information on their haemosporidian parasites is scarce. This study aimed to identify an effective primer set for detecting Haemoproteus parasites in Hooded Vultures and to provide the first molecular confirmation of infection in this species and country. MethodsBetween 2019 and 2025, Hooded Vultures were blood sampled in The Gambia, and microscope slides were screened for parasites. Samples microscopically positive for Haemoproteus spp. were subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using different primer sets targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. ResultOf these, only UNIVF/ UNIVR3 amplified Haemoproteus spp. DNA from the Hooded Vulture samples. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed a novel Haemoproteus lineage, named hNECMON01. This represents the first molecular record of avian haemosporidian parasites in Hooded Vultures and in The Gambia. ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of optimizing molecular tools for detecting haemosporidian parasites in non-passerine hosts and contribute to our understanding of the diversity of Haemoproteus spp. in sub-Saharan Africa. Further studies on parasite diversity in scavenging birds are essential for integrating parasite monitoring into avian conservation efforts.
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