ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2026
Microsurgical anatomy of the cerebral aqueduct and periaqueductal region: implications for microscopic and neuroendoscopic approaches.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe cerebral aqueduct (CA) is the narrowest part of the ventricular system, connecting the third and fourth ventricles. This structure is encircled by important neuroanatomical features, and with the increasing application of neuroendoscopic techniques, a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the CA is essential. This study aims to provide a comprehensive, multi-perspective anatomical analysis of the cerebral aqueduct and its surrounding structures, integrating microsurgical dissections with endoscopic anatomical correlations to support safer surgical planning.
methodsThree formalin-fixed human brainstem specimens were prepared using the Klingler technique and microscopically dissected with a focus on the cerebral aqueduct. In addition, endoscopic exposure was simulated in two separate formalin-fixed cadaveric heads to correlate intraventricular landmarks with aqueductal anatomy.
resultsThe CA is positioned ventromedially to the colliculi, which are located dorsal to the mesencephalon. The frenulum veli structure, which contains the crossing of the fourth cranial nerve, was observed inferior to the colliculi. The periaqueductal gray matter surrounds the CA dorsally and ventrolaterally on both sides. A region topographically corresponding to the oculomotor nuclear complex was approximated based on known anatomical relationships and the intramesencephalic course of cranial nerve III, without direct visualization. As the dissection progressed, the courses of the deep tracts ventral to the CA were demonstrated. The medial longitudinal fasciculus, the trigeminal mesencephalic tract, and the superior cerebellar peduncle were identified. Fibers of the central tegmental tract were observed running posterior to, and also traversing, the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle.
conclusionsThe relationship of the CA with adjacent anatomical structures presents challenges to micro-endoscopic interventions of this region, necessitating a thorough understanding of the related anatomy.
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