Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42153966›Full record

ArticleOccupational therapy international2026

Application of VR360 for Clinical Reasoning Development in Occupational Therapy Students in Handling Complex Behavioural Symptoms in Individuals With Dementia.

Frank Ho-Yin Lai, Ben Chi-Bun Yip, Eddie Yip-Kuen Hai, David Wai-Kwong Man

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Occupational therapy international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Frank Ho-Yin LaiSchool of Communities and Education, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, The Northumbria University, UK, northumbria.ac.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-7000
Ben Chi-Bun YipSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong, twc.edu.hk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6768-0003
Eddie Yip-Kuen HaiFaculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK, sunderland.ac.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8142-5321
David Wai-Kwong ManSchool of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong, twc.edu.hk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6248-4712

Funding

Innovation and Technology Fund ITB/FBL/2004/19/P
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) demands advanced clinical reasoning, yet traditional teaching often falls short. Virtual Reality 360° (VR360) technology offers immersive learning that may strengthen competence in dementia care. This study explored whether occupational therapy (OT) students' reasoning improved after a VR360 module addressing BPSD such as hoarding, wandering, low mood and daily living challenges. Sixty students (35 female, 25 male; undergraduate and postgraduate) participated. Using a mixed-methods, single-group pre-post design, students completed the Clinical Reasoning Assessment Tool before and after four VR360 scenarios. Large improvements emerged across domains: content (d = 1.94), procedural (d = 2.11) and conceptual (d = 2.08). Qualitative themes highlighted confidence, cue recognition, empathy and personalised care. Findings suggest VR360 is feasible and effective for OT education.

Indexed as

Behavioral SymptomsClinical ReasoningDementiaOccupational TherapyVirtual RealityClinical CompetenceFemaleHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID42153966
PMCPMC13185750

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.