ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2026
Dynamic inflammatory biomarkers as prognostic indicators in advanced breast cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors.
Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: While programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors benefit breast cancer patients, simple predictors of their efficacy are lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory markers as prognostic indicators for advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients receiving immunotherapy. Design: This is a single-center retrospective study of ABC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors between January 2016 and June 2022. Methods: Clinicopathological parameters, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) levels, and inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR)-were collected from 116 ABC patients at baseline and after three cycles of immunotherapy (CRP3, NLR3, LMR3). Optimal cut-offs were defined using R software and associations with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate were assessed. Results: Low baseline CRP, low NLR, and high LMR were significantly associated with improved PFS and OS (all Conclusion: CRP and NLR are promising biomarkers for predicting outcomes of PD-1 inhibitor therapy in ABC, with potential utility in individualizing immunotherapy strategies.
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