ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2026
Hepatic immune prognostic index as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization.
Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity, the prognosis of patients who receive transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment varies greatly. A thorough pre-treatment assessment is necessary to identify suitable candidates for TACE. Objective: To develop a hepatic immune prognostic index (HIPI) using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and evaluate its prognostic value in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing TACE. Design: This retrospective study reviewed 663 patients with unresectable HCC who received TACE. Based on biomarkers, patients were categorized into two cohorts: HIPI-low ( Methods: Baseline clinical characteristics and specific biomarkers were collected and analyzed to develop the HIPI. HIPI was defined as high if NLR ⩾3 or AFP ⩾20 ng/mL, and low if both were below these cutoffs. Survival curves were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models and 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were applied to assess the independent prognostic value of the HIPI and to adjust for baseline confounding factors. Prognostic factors affecting treatment efficacy were also analyzed. Results: Before PSM, the HIPI-low group had significantly longer median overall survival (OS; 26.0 vs 12.4 months, Conclusion: The pretreatment HIPI, derived from NLR and AFP, is a potent and independent prognostic biomarker for patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE. It effectively facilitates risk stratification and treatment decision-making.
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