SynthesisObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2026
Improved Glucagon Sensitivity Following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of weight loss in people with obesity on two biomarkers of glucagon resistance: fasting plasma glucagon and alanine.
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in Medline and Embase. Random-effects meta-analyses and correlation analyses were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and MINORS tools.
resultsForty-seven studies comprising 69 interventions and 2061 participants were included. Pooled mean weight loss was -18.23 kg (95% CI [-20.20, -16.27]). Both fasting glucagon and alanine decreased following weight loss: -4.05 pmol/L (95% CI [-4.50, -3.60]; p < 0.001) and -17.9% (95% CI [-22.7, -13.1]; p < 0.0001), respectively. Glucagon reduction occurred with all weight-loss intervention types: surgical -3.85 pmol/L (95% CI [-5.48, -2.22]; p < 0.0001), dietary -2.87 pmol/L (95% CI [-4.20, -1.54]; p < 0.0001), and pharmacological -5.32 pmol/L (95% CI [-9.85, -0.78]; p < 0.0001). Greater weight loss correlated with larger reductions in fasting glucagon (Pearson r = 0.3255, p = 0.0064). Heterogeneity was high, and overall risk of bias was moderate.
conclusionsWeight loss is associated with significant reductions in fasting glucagon and alanine concentrations, suggesting improved hepatic glucagon sensitivity and partial restoration of the liver-α-cell axis.
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