ArticleJournal of cosmetic dermatology2026
Multitargeted Modulation of Skin Dullness by HNHT Formulation: Synergistic Inhibition of Melanogenesis, Glycation, and Lipofuscin Deposition.
Article in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSkin dullness, characterized by pigmentation disorders and yellowing, is a major cosmetic concern in Asian populations. Lipofuscin exhibits ultraviolet (UV)/visible light spectral absorption, reduces skin reflectance, and contributes to dullness, whereas existing therapies targeting melanogenesis and glycation lack comprehensive efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the multimodal anti-dullness effects of a novel formulation (HNHT: hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, hydrolyzed red algae, and tranexamic acid).
methodsIn vitro models (melanocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, ex vivo skin model, and three-dimensional (3D) skin models) were used to assess melanin regulation, glycation inhibition, and lipofuscin clearance.
resultsIn ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed 3D skin models, 12.5% HNHT significantly improved skin color, appearance, and brightness (8.44% increase in L* value) and reduced melanin content (12.5% inhibition). Then, 12.5% HNHT downregulated the expression of key melanogenic genes (TYR and MITF; p < 0.001) in melanocytes and decreased UVB-induced α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion in keratinocytes (2867.78 versus 3444.72 pg/mL; p < 0.05). The formulation enhanced melanosome clearance through autophagy activation (174% LC3-II increase, 80% GP100 reduction; p < 0.01) and boosted antioxidant capacity via Nrf2 activation and reactive oxygen species reduction (p < 0.05). In glycation, 50% HNHT upregulated anti-glycation enzymes (GLO1, GLO2, and GPX1) and reduced carboxymethyllysine (CML) by 23.16% in fibroblasts (p < 0.01), while 100% HNHT decreased CML by 34.93% in ex vivo skin model. Furthermore, 50% HNHT suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced lipofuscin accumulation by 52.20% (p < 0.01).
conclusionsThese findings highlight HNHT as a multitargeted therapeutic agent that alleviates skin dullness through melanogenesis inhibition, enhances melanosome degradation, suppresses glycation, mitigates oxidative stress, and promotes lipofuscin clearance, thereby establishing a novel therapeutic paradigm against solar radiation-induced hyperpigmentation and skin yellowing.
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