Superior anti-DLBCL efficacy of novel organic arsenical Z2-A-Z2 through ROS-mediated apoptosis and critical NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway inhibition.

objectiveDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) often resists therapy due to aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. We synthesized and evaluated Z2-A-Z2, a novel organic arsenical, hypothesized to target this survival pathway, aiming to assess its efficacy and mechanism against DLBCL. MATERIALS AND

methodsThe novel compound Z2-A-Z2 was synthesized and verified by

resultsZ2-A-Z2 demonstrated potent and selective anti-proliferative activity against DLBCL cell lines, achieving an average IC₅₀ of approximately 1.1 µM. This efficacy was 3- to 6-fold superior to arsenic trioxide (ATO), while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity toward normal PBMCs and B cells. Mechanistically, Z2-A-Z2 induced profound mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest through a unique dual action of simultaneously triggering catastrophic oxidative stress and critically suppressing the pro-survival NF-κB/IκBα signaling axis. Further investigation revealed a bidirectional regulation where ROS acts upstream to suppress p65 activity, while p65 in turn modulates drug-induced ROS generation. In vivo studies further validated these findings, showing that Z2-A-Z2 resulted in a robust suppression of tumor growth in a xenograft model, accompanied by diminished NF-κB/IκBα activity and increased apoptosis, alongside an excellent safety profile.

conclusionZ2-A-Z2 is a promising organic arsenical with superior efficacy and safety over ATO. Its unique dual-action strategy of simultaneously inducing oxidative stress and critically inhibiting the NF-κB/IκBα signaling axis, positioning it as a strong clinical candidate for effectively treating DLBCL.