ReviewCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E2026
Transforming student health insurance with blockchain: a systematic review of efficiency, access, and implementation barriers.
Review in Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review studies examining blockchain-powered architecture, smart contract, operational efficiency, data governance, and challenges to implementation within the context of student and university health insurance networks.
methodsAccording to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for articles published from January 2019 to December 2025. The searches yielded 957 records from the databases and an additional 12 records via citation searches. Of the remaining 478 articles, 18 studies were selected based on their relevance to the topic. The heterogeneous design, blockchain architecture, control groups, and outcomes precluded the use of meta-analysis.
resultsThe domains covered in the included studies were student health records, claims processing automation, EHR interoperability, fraud detection and transparency, and implementation challenges. The use of blockchain technology was associated with an improvement in terms of automation of the claims process, document provenance, privacy-preserving data access control, fraud detection, and administrative efficiency. However, the quantitative findings were inconsistent and should be considered operational descriptions and not pooled results or cost-effectiveness findings.
conclusionThere is preliminary evidence that blockchain may help students and universities with their health insurance programs, but further pilot testing, longitudinal research, cost-benefit analysis, and equitable governance are needed prior to widespread application.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.