ArticleBMC oral health2026
Antimicrobial effects of rose red upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs-RB) based photodynamic therapy on Enterococcus faecalis infection.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionEnterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a predominant pathogen associated with persistent endodontic infections due to its resistance to conventional disinfectants and ability to form robust biofilms. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility of a novel near-infrared (NIR)-activated photosensitizer, Rose Bengal-conjugated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP-RB), against E. faecalis both in vitro and in vivo.
methodsUCNP-RB nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectral analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under 808 nm NIR irradiation was quantified using the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) probe. Cytotoxicity was assessed in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) via the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In vitro antibacterial efficacy against planktonic E. faecalis and 14-day mature biofilms was evaluated at a concentration of 100 µg/mL using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, a murine model of apical periodontitis was established to assess the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of UCNP-RB-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) compared to 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) irrigation, with outcomes measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
resultsThe synthesized UCNP-RB nanocomposite successfully converted near-infrared (NIR) light into visible emission, triggering efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. An optimal concentration of 100 µg/mL was identified for subsequent experiments. UCNP-RB-mediated aPDT demonstrated potent antibacterial efficacy, achieving a > 99% reduction in planktonic E. faecalis and approximately 90% inhibition of mature biofilm viability (p < 0.05). In vivo, micro-CT analysis revealed that the UCNP-RB aPDT group exhibited a 67% reduction in periapical bone defect volume compared to the untreated control group, indicating significant promotion of periapical healing.
conclusionsThe UCNP-RB nanocomposites synthesized in this study exhibited uniform morphology and potent photodynamic activity. At an optimal concentration of 100 µg/mL, the system demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its potential as an effective agent for endodontic disinfection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.