ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2026
Gastric emptying times of high-fat, high-carbohydrate and high-protein standard meals using MRI examinations - a contribution to estimating the time since death.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTo use gastric content analysis to estimate the postmortem interval, the last meal consumed, and its gastric emptying time must be known. However, previous studies have often investigated single foods, liquid meals, or applied heterogeneous protocols, limiting forensic applicability. Thus, this study aims to investigate gastric emptying times of commonly consumed solid mixed meals with different macronutrient compositions using non-invasive MRI-scans to measure gastric volumes.
methodsFifteen healthy participants consumed high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-protein meals on separate days, with postprandial MRI-scans every two hours for up to eight hours (total of 232 scans). Gastric half-emptying-times (t₅₀) were calculated via linear interpolation.
resultsThe high-carbohydrate meal (t₅₀ 132 ± 33 min) emptied significantly faster than the high-fat (t₅₀ 188 ± 41 min, p <0.001) and the high-protein (t₅₀ 158 ± 37 min, p=0.010) meals. Women showed on average greater t₅₀-values, significant only for the high-protein meal (p=0.003).
conclusionThis study provides reference values on nutrient-dependent gastric emptying times supporting forensic postmortem interval estimation as a supplementary method. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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