ArticleScientific reports2026
The effect of hybrid reinforcement of fMWCNT and nHA to UHMWPE mechanical and tribological properties.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is widely utilized for artificial joints to its superior wear resistance and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, restricted mechanical strength and surface hardness still pose a challenge, and formation of wear debris can lessen implant life. In this research, UHMWPE was reinforced with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs) in combination with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) as hybrid nanofiller (HNF) to enhance both mechanical and tribological features. The fMWCNTs were prepared by oxidative-ammonolysis treatment, confirmed by FT-IR analysis showing hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine functional groups that enhanced compatibility and bonding strength with the polymer matrix. Nanocomposites with HNF concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5.0 wt% were fabricated and characterized for tensile, flexural, hardness, and wear performance. The resulting data revealed that the addition of HNFs (1:1 in wt%) improved all mechanical characteristics at low and intermediate loadings, with the optimum enhancement at 3.0 wt%. This particular specimen displayed increases of (11.6, 12.4, and 9.6)% in each tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness, respectively, relative to the neat polymer. In addition, a decrease of 63.0% of specific wear rate implies exceptional wear resistance owing to homogeneous filler distribution and stable tribofilm development. However, a high content of 5.0 wt% demonstrated minimized mechanical efficiency caused by agglomeration, as reflected in FE-SEM images. These findings indicate that fMWCNTs- nHA blending yields a synergistic enhancement of strength, hardness and wear resistance of the matrix, making the present hybrid system a potential prospect in orthopedic implant uses.
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