ArticleScientific reports2026
Differential prognostic value of circulating biomarkers across small ischemic stroke subtypes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association of C-Reactive Protein with Functional Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke Across TOAST Subtypes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Circulating biomarkers reflecting inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been proposed as indicators of cerebral small vessel disease; however, their relevance during the hyperacute phase of ischemic stroke remains uncertain. We aimed to determine whether circulating biomarkers measured on admission differ between small ischemic stroke subtypes and whether they provide prognostic information beyond conventional predictors. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 168 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 h of onset, classified by MRI as having recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI; n = 84) or small cortical or cortico-subcortical infarcts (non-RSSI; n = 84). We measured admission blood levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), neurofilament light chain (NfL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte ratios, and evaluated their associations with 3‑month functional outcomes using the modified Rankin Scale. Our findings showed that RSSI patients were younger (66 vs. 74 years, p < 0.001) and had smaller infarcts (0.68 vs. 2.55 mL, p < 0.001). Higher NfL (OR 2.07, p < 0.001) and VCAM‑1 levels (OR 1.84, p = 0.034) were associated with poorer outcomes. Notably, the prognostic contribution of CRP, MMP‑9, and VCAM‑1 was more pronounced in patients with RSSI. These findings suggest that circulating biomarkers may offer additional prognostic value, with patterns varying across small ischemic stroke subtypes, though their clinical utility warrants further investigation.
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