ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2026
Regulation of immune checkpoint molecules in cancer immune evasion and therapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Regulatory B-cell states in NSCLC immunotherapy resistance: mechanisms, spatial context and translational implications.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are essential regulators of immune homeostasis, maintaining the balance between activation and tolerance. In cancer, tumours exploit checkpoint pathways to suppress antitumour immunity and promote progression. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly those that target the clinically validated PDL1-PD1 and CTLA4 axes, has transformed cancer therapy, and the LAG3 axis has recently entered clinical practice, yet most patients experience limited or transient benefit, often because the checkpoint molecules become dysregulated. Here, we examine how multilayered regulatory mechanisms operating at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels collectively shape checkpoint abundance and function in tumour and immune cells. We further connect these regulatory processes to immune evasion and therapeutic resistance and highlight how this knowledge informs biomarker development and mechanism-guided strategies to improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Identifiers
42151384What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.