Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42151140›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Decoding spatial transcriptomics across multicellular and subcellular resolutions.

Chongyue Zhao, Tianhao Liu, Leigh M Miller, Hongdou Li, Hanqiu Zhao, Daniel Barnett, Ruizhi Yuan, Hua Zhang, Qian Wang, Taylor Eddens and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Chongyue Zhao *Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Tianhao Liu *Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Leigh M MillerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Hongdou LiChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Hanqiu ZhaoDivision of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Daniel BarnettDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-3329
Ruizhi YuanDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-8996-8963
Hua ZhangDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-4712
Qian WangDepartment of Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-9726
Taylor EddensDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-3624
Kathryn S TorokDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-143X
Anny Xiaobo ZhouDepartment of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Zhiyu DaiDivision of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-7923
John F AlcornDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-7711
Heng HuangDepartment of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. heng@umd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-8333
Wei ChenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. wei.chen@pitt.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-8703

Funding

Project 2 Impact of Innate and Adaptive Immunity At the Airway Epithelium in Severe AsthmaP01AI106684 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Anuradha Ray, Sally E Wenzel · 2015 to 2026
$18.9M
Influenza A Inhibits TH17 Host Defense Against Bacterial PneumoniaR01HL107380 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ALCORN, JOHN F · 2012 to 2024
$5.4M
Metabolic Control of Stemness in lung epithelial progenitors by FAM13AR01HL127200 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ZHOU, ANNY XIAOBO · 2015 to 2024
$4.9M
Novel alveolar mechanisms of hypoxemia in hepatopulmonary syndromeR01HL169509 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI Zhiyu Dai, MICHAEL B FALLON · 2023 to 2026
$3.0M
General Capillary to Arterial Endothelial Cell Transition in Pulmonary ArterialHypertensionR01HL170096 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Zhiyu Dai · 2023 to 2026
$2.9M
Role of Endothelial SOX17 Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary HypertensionR01HL158596 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Zhiyu Dai · 2022 to 2026
$2.3M
Fatty acid-binding proteins sustain endothelial glycolysis and arterial programming in pulmonary arterial hypertensionR01HL162794 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Zhiyu Dai · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
The Role of Staphylococcus aureus SasD in LungR01HL167449 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI John F Alcorn · 2023 to 2026
$2.1M
Integrating Spatial and Single-Cell Transcriptomics with Histology to Define Endotypes in Pediatric SclerodermaR01AR086434 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Wei Chen, Kathryn S. Torok · 2025 to 2026
$974k
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID) P01AI106684NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL107380NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL127200NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL158596NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL162794NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL167449NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL169509NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL170096NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI106684NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR086434U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) R01AR086434
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current whole-genome spatial transcriptomics (ST) platforms, which range from multicellular (e.g., Visium) to subcellular resolution (e.g., Visium HD, Stereo-seq), face significant challenges in accurately decomposing or aggregating spots into single cells-the fundamental units of biological activity. To date, most existing computational methods operate at the spot level, and no method has effectively reconstructed transcriptomes at single-cell resolution. In this study, we present STARS (Spatial Transcriptomics across Resolutions for Single Cells). Leveraging Vision Transformer model and contrastive learning, STARS combines high-resolution histology images with spot-level transcriptomics data to reconstruct single-cell-level gene expression from multicellular and subcellular platforms. We demonstrate the advantage of our single-cell-level method using in-house datasets of mouse lung from 3 ST platforms (Visium, Visium HD and Stereo-seq) and additional public datasets. STARS is applied at tissue, individual cell, and molecular levels. At the tissue level, STARS identifies regions of interest, such as specific tissue structures or immune regions. At the individual cell level, STARS identifies immune cells-including CD4/CD8 T cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-distinguishing two CAF subtypes and macrophage subtypes, including the rare SPP1+ macrophages. Additionally, STARS identifies tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer, linked to improved clinical outcomes, and detects shifts in immune cell populations between influenza infection and bacterial superinfection in mouse lung tissue. At the molecular level, we demonstrate improved separation of cell types, and differential gene expression analysis identified cell-type-specific markers with greater accuracy. These results underscore the robustness of our method, providing biologically relevant insights into tissue architecture and gene expression at the single-cell level, advancing the downstream analysis of spatial transcriptomics across resolutions.

Indexed as

Single-Cell AnalysisSpatial TranscriptomicsTranscriptomeAnimalsGene Expression ProfilingLungMiceSingle-Cell Gene Expression Analysis

Identifiers

PMID42151140
PMCPMC13381703

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.