Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42151099›Full record

Observational studyChild: care, health and development2026

Diverging Paths: Longitudinal and Reciprocal Associations Between Two Fundamental Motor Skill Assessments in Preschoolers.

E Kipling Webster, Katherine E Spring, Justin X Moore, Dimetrius Brandon, Amanda E Staiano

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Child: care, health and development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02751788 (Physical Activity and Screen-Time Regulations in Childcare Centers), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02751788 completednot on this map

Physical Activity and Screen-Time Regulations in Childcare Centers: Influence on Young Children's Health Behaviors (Pause & Play) - Aim 1

TypeobservationalSponsorPennington Biomedical Research CenterRan2016 to 2018Enrolled112ConditionsChildhood Obesity
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

E Kipling WebsterDepartment of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4235-139X
Katherine E SpringPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Justin X MooreCenter for Health Engagement, and Transformation, Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Dimetrius BrandonDepartment of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Amanda E StaianoPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.

Funding

Tracking & Evaluation CoreU54GM104940 · NIGMS · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI Peter Todd Katzmarzyk · 2012 to 2026
$69.1M
Research BaseP30DK072476 · NIDDK · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI Sujoy Ghosh · 2005 to 2026
$26.5M
Training in Obesity ResearchT32DK064584 · NIDDK · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · PI CORBY K MARTIN, Christopher D Morrison · 2003 to 2026
$5.3M
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health U54 MD 008602NIDDK NIH HHS P30DK072476NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK064584NIDDK NIH HHS T32DK064584NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFundamental motor skills (FMS) are critical for child health and development and are commonly assessed using either process-oriented assessment or product-oriented assessments. Although previous studies have examined cross-sectional relationships between these assessments, little is known about their longitudinal and reciprocal associations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships of two FMS assessments (Test of Gross Motor Development-3rd edition [TGMD-3] and Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition [MABC-2]) in preschool-age children.

methodsA diverse sample of 117 children (Mage = 3.4 years) completed both assessments at baseline, with 72 completing follow-up. Spearman correlations were conducted to assess cross-sectional relationships, and linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) were used to model longitudinal associations, adjusting for race, BMI, SES, screen time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and childcare centre.

resultsAt baseline, significant positive associations were found between TGMD-3 and MABC-2 total and subscale percentile scores (r

conclusionsThese findings suggest that TGMD-3 and MABC-2 measure distinct constructs of FMS performance that may diverge as children develop. The study highlights the importance of selecting FMS assessments based on the developmental stage, purpose and context and emphasizes the need for longitudinal research to better understand how early FMS influence long-term outcomes.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02751788.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentMotor SkillsChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMABC‐2motor developmentpreschoolTGMD‐3

Identifiers

PMID42151099
PMCPMC13183608

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.