ArticleEuropean journal of preventive cardiology2026
Association of cardiometabolic disease with subclinical cardiac remodeling in men vs women in the Framingham Heart Study.
Article in European journal of preventive cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimsAlthough the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease is greater in men vs women, the relative risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) conferred by cardiometabolic conditions is higher in women than in men. We examined the sex-specific association of cardiometabolic risk factor burden with subclinical echocardiographic cardiac remodeling.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, we examined whether sex modifies the association between cardiometabolic disease burden (measured as metabolic syndrome severity [MetSS] score) with echocardiographic markers of subclinical cardiac remodeling (including global longitudinal strain [GLS] and E/e' ratio) using multiplicative interaction terms in multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.
resultsAmong 6182 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age 51 ± 15 years; 54% women), we observed that sex modifies the association between the MetSS score and subclinical markers of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Specifically, a higher MetSS score was associated with worse GLS and E/e' ratio in women versus men. For example, every 1-point increase in the MetSS score was associated with 0.35% higher (worse) GLS in women compared with 0.23% higher GLS in men (ß 0.35, SE 0.04 in women versus ß 0.23, SE 0.04 in men, pint 0.01). Similarly, the MetSS score was more strongly associated with a higher (worse) E/e' ratio in women versus men (ß 0.29, SE, 0.02 in women versus ß, 0.20, SE, 0.02 in men, pint <0.001).
conclusionWe observed that sex modifies the association of cardiometabolic disease burden with subclinical markers of cardiac dysfunction. Specifically, higher cardiometabolic disease burden was associated with worse GLS and E/e' ratio in women versus men.
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