Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42150341›Full record

SynthesisInternational dental journal2026

Oral Health in Early and Advanced Stages (1-4) of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Christian Niederau, Asia Azad Ali, Saida Chahboun, Sahir Kalim, Mariano Rodriguez Portillo, Rafael Kramann, Ulrike Schulze-Späte, Stefan Wolfart, Joachim Jankowski, Michael Wolf and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Christian NiederauDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Asia Azad AliDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Saida ChahbounDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Sahir KalimDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Mariano Rodriguez PortilloMaimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.
Rafael KramannDivision of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Ulrike Schulze-SpäteSection of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
Stefan WolfartDepartment of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
Joachim JankowskiInstitute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Michael WolfDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Rogerio B CraveiroDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: rcraveiro@ukaachen.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is essential to identify oral health changes in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to prevent oral degeneration. The effects of early-stage CKD on the periodontium and the manifestation of associated oral symptoms remain poorly understood. Periodontitis is well documented in late-stage CKD. These changes represent a considerable burden for patients, leading to consequences like tooth loss and stomatognathic disorders. This study evaluates oral health parameters in patients with early- and advanced-stage CKD (stages 1-4), to identify potential changes in oral health and provide important insights into CKD-specific dental treatment. We performed a comprehensive literature search of the databases 'Pubmed', 'Web of Science', 'ClinicalTrials.gov', and 'Cochrane' up to June 2025. Of 1,584 search results, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that patients with early- and advanced-stage CKD exhibited significantly higher levels of plaque and calculus accumulation compared to healthy patients. These patients experienced pronounced gingival inflammation, elevated gingival index scores, and increased 'bleeding on probing' levels. They demonstrated significantly higher salivary pH levels and reduced salivary flow rates. There is a strong relationship between early and advanced-stage CKD and increased oral inflammation, plaque accumulation, and reduced saliva flow rate. To prevent the dental health of these patients from deteriorating, it is crucial to refer them to a dentist rapidly during the progression of the disease. Based on their understanding of the impact of CKD on oral health, the dentist will then determine a patient-specific recall interval.

Indexed as

Oral HealthRenal Insufficiency, ChronicDisease ProgressionHumansBOP bleeding of probingChronic kidney diseaseDental interventionsEarly and advanced stagesInflammationOral healthOral manifestation

Identifiers

PMID42150341
PMCPMC13202571

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.