Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42149871›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Exploring factors contributing to antibiotic resistance: A cross-sectional empirical study in Bangladesh.

Abdullah Al Rakib, Dr Johaira Sultana Toma, Dr Mousumi Akhtar, Md Abu Hasnat, Md Sohel Rana, Rezwan Ul Haque Aubhi, Nur-A-Alam Mishad, Farzana Rahman, Shadia Sharmin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Abdullah Al RakibDepartment of Business Administration, University of Scholars, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Dr Johaira Sultana TomaMedical Officer at Islami Bank Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Dr Mousumi AkhtarFCPS-I, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Abu HasnatDepartment of Business Administration, University of Scholars, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Sohel RanaDepartment of Business Administration, University of Scholars, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Rezwan Ul Haque AubhiDepartment of Business Administration, University of Scholars, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Nur-A-Alam MishadDepartment of Business Administration, University of Scholars, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Farzana RahmanDepartment of Business Administration, University of Scholars, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shadia SharminDepartment of Business Administration, University of Scholars, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9655-0941

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. This cross-sectional empirical study analyzed primary survey data collected from 254 respondents in Bangladesh using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS 4.0 was employed to analyze the relationships between key variables, ensuring accurate results despite non-normal data. The findings reveal that economic pressures, inadequate diagnostics, and cultural misconceptions are key contributors to antibiotic overuse and misuse. The study is grounded in the Health Belief Model and Ecological Systems Theory, offering a framework to understand these behaviors. It underscores the need for targeted policies, improved diagnostic resources, and heightened public awareness to address the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. The findings indicate that economic incentives, diagnostic uncertainty, healthcare infrastructure, and sociocultural beliefs significantly influence antibiotic resistance within the surveyed population.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, MicrobialBangladeshCross-Sectional StudiesHumansAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID42149871
PMCPMC13183214

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.