ArticlePloS one2026
Trypanosomatid species infecting bats in the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station, an urban forested fragment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trypanosomatids (Protozoa; Kinetoplastea) are obligate parasitic protozoans that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including bats - the only volant mammals, widely distributed across the globe. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Atlantic Forest remnants persist within urban landscapes, including the Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station (EFMA), a unit embedded in a highly urbanized environment. Between 2013 and 2019 (excluding 2015), field surveys were conducted in four landscape physiognomies with different degrees of environmental degradation. Blood and other tissue samples (spleen, liver and skin) were collected from bats to investigate the infection and diversity of trypanosomatid infections. A total of 270 bats were examined through parasitological techniques (fresh blood examination and hemoculture) and molecular diagnosis through phylogenetic analysis. Overall, 24.1% (n = 65) of bats tested positive for trypanosomatids. Molecular identification revealed a diverse assemblage of species, including Crithidia mellificae, Trypanosoma cruzi (DTUs TcI and TcII), Trypanosoma dionisii, Trypanosoma sp. Neobat 1 and 4, Trypanosoma lainsoni, and Trypanosoma rangeli A. Our findings underscore the critical role of direct molecular detection in tissue samples for uncovering infections missed by traditional parasitological methods, particularly those caused by uncultivable species/genotypes such as Trypanosoma sp. Neobat 1 and 4. The recurrent detection of T. dionisii, T. cruzi DTU TcI and T. rangeli A, reinforces their sustained circulation in bats from this urban-forest interface. Moreover, the presence of C. mellificae, traditionally regarded as a monoxenous species, adds new bat hosts to the already extant list of mammal species recognized as able to harbor this parasite. Notably, this study provided the first record of T. lainsoni and T. cruzi DTU TcI in mammals from the EFMA, highlighting a surprising richness of trypanosomatids in this small, and human-impacted forest remnant. The high diversity of trypanosomatid communities infecting bats, recognized as habitat-resilient hosts, reinforces the complexity of the sylvatic transmission of those parasites that may not be disrupted even under strong anthropogenic pressures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.