Observational studyUrogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2026
Culture-confirmed Bacterial Species Causing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Among Adult Women.
Observational study in Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
importanceApproximately 60% of adult women experience at least 1 urinary tract infection, and more than 25% experience multiple recurrences. If persistent bacterial reservoirs in the urinary tract contribute to the high incidence of recurrent infections, then repeated episodes should be disproportionately caused by the same bacterial species.
objectivesThe obectives of this study were to estimate, among women with recurrent urinary tract infection, the proportion of recurrences due to the same bacterial species and to identify host characteristics associated with species consistency across episodes. STUDY
designThis study was a retrospective observational study of adult women with recurrent urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infection was defined as a urine culture positive for ≥10,000 colony-forming units of a single bacterial species, plus a diagnosis related to relevant signs or symptoms. We calculated the proportion of infection pairs due to the same bacterial species. To identify host characteristics associated with species consistency across episodes and to account for repeated pairs, we used logistic regression with generalized estimated equations.
resultsOne hundred eighty-one women experienced 496 urinary tract infection episodes. The median age was 49 years, and the median interval between infections was 88 days. Among 315 episode pairs, the same bacterial species was identified in 239 pairs (75.9%). Women over age 65 years were significantly less likely to have the same bacterial species across episode pairs (relative odds 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.70). Race, ethnicity, body mass index, menopause status, diabetes, and time between infections were not significantly associated with species consistency.
conclusionsConsistent bacterial species cause most sequential infections among women with recurrent urinary tract infections, especially in younger women. This observation would be consistent with the hypothesis that bacterial reservoirs may contribute to recurrent urinary tract infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.