Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42149397›Full record

ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2026

Association Between Harsh Parenting and Behavioral Problems Among Chinese Preschool-Aged Children: A Moderated Mediation Model of Parent-Child Relationship Quality and Sex.

XinYi Wang, XiaoYing Wang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

XinYi WangFaculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China. wangxy722@nenu.edu.cn.
XiaoYing WangFaculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous research has indicated a link between harsh parenting and children's behavioral problems. However, few studies have focused on preschool-aged children and employed large sample sizes to explore the underlying associations between harsh parenting and both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. The present study conducted with the parent of 7731 preschool children in China. The findings reveal that harsh parenting is positively associated with both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in preschool children, while parent-child relationship quality is negatively associated with these problems. Furthermore, after controlling age, internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems respectively, parent-child relationship quality partially mediates this relationship. Moreover, sex moderates the association between harsh parenting and preschoolers' externalizing problems, as well as the relationship between parent-child relationship quality and preschoolers' internalizing problems. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking harsh parenting to behavioral problems in preschool children and provide practical implications for the prevention and reduction of such problems.

Indexed as

Behavioral problemsHarsh parentingParent-child relationshipPreschoolerSex

Identifiers

PMID42149397

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.