ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2026
Viral vs. Non-Viral Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma: Distinct Genomic Landscapes and Survival Outcomes.
Article in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCombined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a rare, biologically heterogeneous primary liver cancer with conflicting reported outcomes. The prognostic impact of viral hepatitis in cHCC-CCA remains unclear. Given its established influence in hepatocellular carcinoma, we evaluated whether viral etiology is associated with distinct clinical and genomic features in cHCC-CCA.
methodsA structured PubMed and Embase search identified case reports and series describing viral status, treatment, and overall survival (OS) in cHCC-CCA. Studies lacking OS attribution or viral status were excluded. Due to heterogeneous follow-up and absence of standardized censoring, survival was analyzed descriptively, with viral versus non-viral OS compared using Mann-Whitney U testing. A complementary genomic cohort from cBioPortal was analyzed to compare mutation frequencies between viral and non-viral cases.
resultsMedian OS was 49.5 months for viral versus 20.0 months for non-viral disease (mean 47.7 ± 18.5 vs 29.6 ± 16.2 months; p = 0.023). A crude hazard approximation suggested lower mortality risk in viral cases (HR ≈ 0.40), though formal time-to-event analysis was not feasible. In the genomic cohort, viral cases similarly demonstrated longer mean OS (23.1 vs 13.0 months; p < 0.05). Non-viral tumors showed enrichment of mutations including IDH, SLC16A1, CLDN18, HMCN1, ADAMTS8, BNC1, YES1, and TGFBR1.
conclusionViral cHCC-CCA was associated with longer observed survival across clinical and genomic datasets. Non-viral tumors demonstrated enrichment of mutations associated with metabolic reprogramming, proliferative signaling, pathway escape, and metastatic biology, potentially contributing to poorer outcomes. These hypothesis-generating findings require validation in prospective cohorts with standardized genomic annotation.
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Registered trials
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