ArticleJournal of community health2026
Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment and Its Determinants Among Tuberculosis Patients in Tanzania.
Article in Journal of community health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment remains a major barrier to effective TB control, contributing to poor treatment outcomes, relapse, and the emergence of drug-resistant TB. Evidence on the magnitude and determinants of non-adherence in Tanzania is limited. This study assessed the prevalence of non-adherence to anti-TB treatment and its associated factors. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult TB patients receiving treatment at Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital. 245 participants were recruited using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics. Log-binomial regression analysis was performed to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with non-adherence, with significance set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of anti-TB non-adherence was 33.5%. Experiencing side effects (aPR = 1.664; 95% CI: 1.129-2.449) and poor knowledge about TB (aPR = 1.704; 95% CI: 1.062-2.732) were associated with increased likelihood of non-adherence. Family support was associated with a lower likelihood of non-adherence (aPR = 0.696; 95% CI: 0.487-0.994). Other socio-demographic, clinical, and health system factors were not significantly associated with non-adherence. Non-adherence to anti-TB treatment remains high in Tanzania, affecting approximately one-third of patients. Medication side effects and poor TB knowledge are key drivers of non-adherence, while family support plays a protective role. Interventions focusing on patient education, effective management of treatment side effects, and strengthening family and community support systems are essential to improve adherence and enhance TB control efforts.
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