Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42149152›Full record

ArticlePediatric radiology2026

Reduction of iodinated contrast waste, cost, and greenhouse gas emissions using imaging bulk packaging in a pediatric hospital.

Sakura M Noda, Matthew J Eckelman, Pauline Porter, Jaime Dyba, Ramesh S Iyer, Grace S Phillips, Helen H R Kim

Abstract read
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Article in Pediatric radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sakura M NodaDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, M/S MA.7.220 PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA, 98145-5005, USA. sakuran@uw.edu.
Matthew J EckelmanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
Pauline PorterDepartment of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, USA.
Jaime DybaDepartment of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, USA.
Ramesh S IyerDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, M/S MA.7.220 PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA, 98145-5005, USA.
Grace S PhillipsDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, M/S MA.7.220 PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA, 98145-5005, USA.
Helen H R KimDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, M/S MA.7.220 PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA, 98145-5005, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are environmental and financial benefits to reducing iodinated contrast media (ICM) waste. While Imaging Bulk Package (IBP) bottles have been demonstrated to reduce contrast waste in adult hospitals, lower computed tomography (CT) volumes and smaller contrast doses pose challenges for utilizing IBP in children's hospitals.

objectivePrimary outcome: quantification of CT contrast waste during a 6-month period at a single children's hospital. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: quantification of single-use product waste and greenhouse gas emissions, identification of the 12-h periods of highest contrast use, and estimation of reductions in contrast waste, single-use product use, costs, and greenhouse gas emissions by using IBP ICM during peak hours. MATERIALS AND

methodsAll contrast-enhanced CT performed from January through June 2025 were reviewed. Volume of contrast wasted was calculated. The 12-h time period with the highest contrast-enhanced CT volume was determined. Reductions in contrast waste, single-use products, cost, and greenhouse gas emissions by using IBP ICM during these peak hours were estimated.

resultsApproximately 291 contrast-enhanced CT exams were performed per month. Mean contrast waste was 37 mL per study, totaling 66 L of wasted contrast over 6 months. Peak hours were 9 AM to 9 PM on weekdays. The mean ICM waste per exam was 37 mL using single-dose bottles versus 17 mL using IBP bottles during peak hours (P<0.001). Using IBP ICM during peak hours and single-use ICM at other times could reduce contrast waste by 56%, glass bottle waste by 33%, and save $40,740 per year. Using IBP during peak hours with a syringeless contrast injector would decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 72% due to added benefits of decreased waste of single-use plastics.

conclusionImplementing IBP ICM during peak hours would substantially reduce contrast waste, single-use product waste, and costs at our hospital. Other children's hospitals may evaluate their contrast utilization practices, including quantification of contrast waste and single-use products, to identify opportunities to reduce waste through use of IBP and syringeless contrast injectors.

Indexed as

Contrast MediaGreenhouse GasesHospitals, PediatricMedical WasteProduct PackagingTomography, X-Ray ComputedHumansContrast MediaGreenhouse GasesMedical WasteComputed tomographyContrast wasteImaging Bulk PackageIodinated contrast mediaLife cycle assessmentMedical wastePlanetary healthSustainability

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.