Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42149144›Full record

ArticleActa diabetologica2026

Screening practices for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in pediatric type 1 diabetes: a nationwide survey by the ISPED Diabetes Study Group.

Bruno Bombaci, Marta Bassi, Valeria Castorani, Francesca Di Candia, Marta Ferrari, Mariangela Martino, Luca Zagaroli, Marco Marigliano, Riccardo Bonfanti, Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and 215 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta diabetologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

225 authors.

Bruno Bombaci *Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Marta Bassi *Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. martabassi@gaslini.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-1079
Valeria CastoraniDivision of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Francesca Di CandiaDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Marta FerrariPediatric Unit, Ramazzini Hospital, AUSL Modena Carpi, Carpi, Italy.
Mariangela MartinoEndocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Rome, Italy.
Luca ZagaroliDepartment of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Marco MariglianoPediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University City Hospital, Verona, Italy.
Riccardo BonfantiDepartment of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology
Claudia Accursia Albino
Monica Aloe
Maria Teresa Anzelotti
Claudia Arnaldi
Fabrizio Barbetti
Marta Bassi
Maria Giulia Berioli
Luca Bernardini
Enrica Bertelli
Martina Biagioni
Adriana Bobbio
Bruno Bombaci
Riccardo Bonfanti
Clara Bonura
Giulia Patrizia Bracciolini
Mariella Bruzzese
Patrizia Bruzzi
Pietro Buono
Piera Buscarino
Francesco Cadario
Valeria Calcaterra
Elena Calzi
Marco Cappa
Roberta Cardani
Francesca Cardella
Giuliana Marcella Cardinale
Alberto Casertano
Valeria Castorani
Vittoria Cauvin
Valentina Cenciarelli
Franco Ceruti
Valentino Cherubini
Francesco Chiarelli
Giovanni Chiari
Stefano Cianfarani
Mario Cicchetti
Paola Cipriano
Dante Cirillo
Felice Citriniti
Maria Susanna Coccioli
Santino Confetto
Giovanna Contreas
Anna Coro
Antonella Correddu
Elisa Corsini
Antonino Crino
Giuseppe D Annunzio
Fiorella De Berardinis
Valeria De Donno
Gianpaolo De Filippo
Rosaria De Marco
Luisa De Sanctis
Elisabetta Del Duca
Maurizio Delvecchio
Annalisa Deodati
Procolo Di Bonito
Francesca Di Candia
Elena Faleschini
Valentina Fattorusso
Anna Favia
Giovanni Federico
Barbara Felappi
Mara Ferrari
Lucia Ferrito
Graziella Fichera
Franco Fontana
Elena Fornari
Roberto Franceschi
Francesca Franco
Adriana Franzese
Anna Paola Frongia
Giulio Frontino
Alberto Gaiero
Sabrina Maria Galassi
Francesco Gallo
Luigi Gargantini
Elisa Giani
Anna Jolanda Gortan
Vanna Graziani
Caterina Grosso
Antonella Gualtieri
Monica Guasti
Lucia Paola Guerraggio
Chiara Guzzetti
Dario Iafusco
Gennaro Iannicelli
Maria Laura Iezzi
Maria Giovanna Ignaccolo
Stefania Innaurato
Elena Inzaghi
Brunella Iovane
Lorenzo Iughetti
Peter Kaufmann
Alfonso La Loggia
Anna Giulia Lambertini
Rosa Lapolla
Anna Lasagni
Nicola Lazzaro
Pietro Lazzeroni
Lorenzo Lenzi
Riccardo Lera
Gabriella Levantini
Marilea Lezzi
Rosanna Lia
Alice Liguori
Donatella Lo Presti
Fortunato Lombardo
Antonella Lonero
Silvia Longhi
Antonella Lorubbio
Sonia Lucchesi
Rosella Maccioni
Maddalena Macedoni
Patrizia Cristiana Macellaro
Simona Filomena Madeo
Claudio Maffeis
Benedetta Mainetti
Giulio Maltoni
Chiara Mameli
Francesco Mammì
Maria Luisa Manca Bitti
Valentina Mancioppi
Melania Manco
Marco Marigliano
Monica Marino
Alberto Marsciani
Maria Cristina Matteoli
Elena Mazzali
Marta Minute
Nicola Minuto
Sara Monti
Anita Morandi
Gianfranco Morganti
Elisa Morotti
Enza Mozzillo
Gianluca Musolino
Francesca Olivieri
Federica Ortolani
Valentina Pampanini
Daniela Pardi
Filomena Pascarella
Bruno Pasquino
Stefano Passanisi
Ippolita Patrizia Patera
Annalisa Pedini
Maria Cristina Pennati
Sonia Peruzzi
Paola Peverelli
Giulia Pezzino
Barbara Piccini
Elvira Eugenia Rosaria Piccinno
Claudia Piona
Gavina Piredda
Alessia Piscopo
Carmelo Pistone
Erica Pozzi
Elena Prandi
Barbara Predieri
Sabrina Prudente
Anna Pulcina
Ivana Rabbone
Emioli Randazzo
Novella Rapini
Petra Reinstadler
Sara Riboni
Maria Rossella Ricciardi
Andrea Rigamonti
Carlo Ripoli
Virginia Rossi
Paolo Rossi
Irene Rutigliano
Alberto Sabbion
Alessandro Salvatoni
Caterina Salvo
Giuseppina Salzano
Mariateresa Sanseviero
Silvia Savastio
Rosanna Savini
Mariapiera Scanu
Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza
Riccardo Schiaffini
Maurizio Schiavone
Eleonardo Schieven
Mirella Scipione
Andrea Secco
Francesca Silvestri
Giulia Siri
Paola Sogno Valin
Silvia Sordelli
Daniele Spiri
Stefano Stagi
Filomena Andreina Stamati
Tosca Suprani
Valentina Talarico
Valentina Tiberi
Tiziana Antonia Lucia Timpanaro
Davide Tinti
Antonina Tirendi
Letizia Grazia Tomaselli
Sonia Toni
Cataldo Torelli
Gianluca Tornese
Michela Trada
Adolfo Andrea Trettene
Stefano Tumini
Marilena Tumminelli
Giuliana Valerio
Sara Vandelli
Claudia Ventrici
Maria Zampolli
Manuela Zanatta
Angela Zanfardino
Clara Zecchino
Silvia Zonca
Stefano Zucchini

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN) is a major complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), frequently subclinical in youth. Although international pediatric guidelines recommend annual screening, adherence in pediatric care is uncertain. This study aimed to assess DN screening practices in Italian pediatric diabetes centers and identify barriers to implementation.

methodsBetween December 2024 and May 2025, we conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional survey among Italian centers affiliated with the ISPED Diabetes Study Group. One respondent per center completed a 27-item questionnaire exploring organizational features, DN screening practices, and professional training.

resultsForty-eight centers responded to the survey. Written internal protocols for DN screening were available in 22.9% of centers. Only 18.6% reported annual screening, while more than 40% initiated screening only in the presence of symptoms. Recommended criteria (age ≥ 11 years and 2-5 years diabetes duration) were applied by 31.3% of centers. Clinical neurological examination was widely adopted (95.8%), whereas nerve conduction studies (29.2%) and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (14.6%) were rarely used. Notably, 89.6% of respondents had never received formal training in DN screening. Centers where pediatric diabetologists personally conducted the assessment were more likely to adhere to annual screening (p = 0.010).

conclusionsScreening for DN in Italian pediatric diabetology is inconsistent and frequently delayed, contributing to probable underrecognition of early neuropathic changes. Strengthening professional awareness, promoting structured training, and implementing harmonized national protocols are essential steps to ensure timely identification and equitable care for children and adolescents with T1D.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic NeuropathiesMass ScreeningAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansItalyMaleNerve Conduction StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesAdolescentsChildrenDiabetes complicationsGuidelineMichigan neuropathy screening instrumentNeurophysiological tests

Identifiers

PMID42149144

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.