Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42148542›Full record

SynthesisHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026

Coverage and determinants of childhood immunization in Somalia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ahmed Mohamed Dirie, Nur Rashid Ahmed, Shafie Abdirahman Dirie, Osman Abubakar Fiidow, Kassim Abdi Jimale, Abdirahman Mohamud Mohamed

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ahmed Mohamed DirieFaculty of Health Science, Salaam University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Nur Rashid AhmedFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia.ORCID 0000-0002-9211-3218
Shafie Abdirahman DirieFaculty of Health Science, Salaam University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Osman Abubakar FiidowFaculty of Health Science, Salaam University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Kassim Abdi JimaleFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Abdirahman Mohamud MohamedFaculty of Health Science, Salaam University, Mogadishu, Somalia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Childhood immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention, yet coverage remains suboptimal in Somalia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to pool childhood immunization coverage and its determinants in Somalia. The electronic database search strategy yielded 11 eligible cross-sectional studies conducted between 2010 and 2025. Using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 5 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA), the pooled coverage for receiving at least one vaccine was 57.9%, while completion of the four basic vaccines was 16.1%, Full immunization coverage was 42.2%. Children born in health facilities were more likely to be immunized than home births (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.87-2.35). Unexpectedly, mothers with ≥4 ANC visits had lower odds of child immunization (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.24-0.30). Maternal education increased immunization likelihood (AOR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). Children in rural areas were likely to be immunized than urban counterparts (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.49-1.61). These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen integrated maternal and child health services.

Indexed as

ImmunizationVaccinationVaccination CoverageCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMothersRural PopulationSomaliaChildhood immunizationdeterminantsSomaliasystematic review and meta-analysisvaccination coverage

Identifiers

PMID42148542
PMCPMC13185452

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.