ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Spatial transcriptomics uncovers TAC-OGEs heterogeneity and FN1/MMP9 signature in ameloblastoma.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore how the tumour microenvironment influences the aggressiveness, malignancy, and recurrence of ameloblastoma. By employing a spatial omics approach, we will examine the characteristics of the invasive front of ameloblastoma. Methods: We systematically characterised the cellular heterogeneity of ameloblastoma using spatial transcriptomic sequencing combined with integrated omics analysis of clinical tumour specimens. Additionally, we independently validated the spatial expression patterns and levels of FN1 and MMP9 in ameloblastoma through immunohistochemistry in an independent case series of 15 specimens, further supported by single-cell resolution multiplex immunofluorescence. Results: Spatial transcriptomic sequencing delineated the ameloblastoma tumour ecosystem into seven primary cell clusters: epithelial tumour cells, fibroblasts, myeloid cells, endothelial cells, T cells, B cells, and Tumour-associated cells with osteoclast-like gene expression (TAC-OGEs). Significantly, cell clusters located at the tumour's invasive front demonstrated notably increased expression of FN1 and MMP9. A more detailed analysis within the TAC-OGE compartment identified seven phenotypically distinct subclusters. Interestingly, their differentiation states formed a spatial gradient, extending from the tumour core to the periphery. This spatial expression pattern of FN1 and MMP9 was confirmed through immunohistochemical staining at the tumour-stroma interface. Conclusion: Our findings collectively reveal the cellular heterogeneity of ameloblastoma and highlight tumour-margin-associated TAC-OGEs as potential spatially associated components of local invasion. These results suggest that targeting TAC-OGE-associated processes may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in the management of ameloblastoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.