ReviewCureus2026
Three-Dimensional Architecture of Placental Villous Branching in the Normal Human Placenta: A Scoping Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human placenta is a meticulously structured organ, whose functional effectiveness is contingent on the spatial and microanatomical arrangement of the chorionic villi's tree-like network. Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques have enabled in-depth examination of the hierarchical structure, vascularization, and branching patterns of these villi. This progression has facilitated the correlation of structural characteristics with the functionality of utero-fetal exchange. The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically map and synthesize the existing literature on the 3D architecture and branching patterns of chorionic villi in the normal human placenta. A comprehensive investigation was carried out using PubMed and Scopus databases, yielding 11 and 295 articles, respectively, from which 40 were deemed pertinent for this study. The available evidence indicate that the villous tree in a normal human placenta presents a highly structured hierarchy, established early in gestation. The terminal villi possess intricate capillary networks characterized by loops, anastomoses, and fixed angles of branching, all of which minimize diffusion distances and enhance blood flow. The close spatial proximity of vessels, stroma, and syncytiotrophoblast not only provides mechanical stability but also facilitates effective gas and nutrient exchange. The 3D configuration of placental villi forms a functionally optimized, hierarchical system that meets the hemodynamic and metabolic requirements of pregnancy. The deployment of advanced imaging and morphometric techniques has transitioned placental research from solely anatomical description to more mechanistic and predictive frames.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.