ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of full-arch implant-supported dental restorations: complete vs. segmented frameworks.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Given the reported clinical advantages of segmented implant-supported mandibular frameworks, multiple segmentation patterns were evaluated and compared with a complete (one-piece) framework to determine their effects on peri-implant bone stress. Methods: Thirteen cases were studied via 3-D finite element analysis (FEA), combining complete and segmented full-arch frameworks across different implant layouts. Screws were preloaded according to manufacturer recommendations. Cortical and trabecular bone were modeled as homogeneous, isotropic, linearly elastic materials, and a fully osseointegrated implant-bone interface (shared-node mesh) was assumed. A static vertical load of 200 N was applied in three separate load cases: first molar, first premolar, and bilateral incisors. The primary outcome was peak von Mises equivalent stress in the peri-implant bone surrounding each implant as a comparative indicator of mechanical demand. Results: When the load fell between two splinted implants (e.g., lateral segment without cantilever), peri-implant bone stresses were similar for complete and segmented frameworks. Under premolar loading, the complete framework yielded the lowest stresses; segmenting with a mesial cantilever on the lateral segment approximately doubled stresses at the adjacent implant, while placing a distal cantilever on the central segment increased stresses near the anterior support by up to ∼7× versus the complete configuration. Eliminating cantilevers by moving support from 5 to 4 closely approached the complete framework. Incisor loading challenged the central span: supports at 3-3 produced markedly higher stresses than complete frameworks; shifting supports to 2-2 reduced stresses but did not match the complete design, whereas triangulating the central span (3-2-3) further lowered stresses and approached complete-framework levels. Conclusion: Segmented frameworks are biomechanically viable provided segmentation avoids central-span cantilevers, preferentially places any unavoidable cantilever on a straight lateral segment, and-when feasible-adds an anterior support to triangulate the central span or eliminates cantilevers by advancing support distally. With a properly planned segmented framework, peri-implant bone stresses can remain close to those of complete frameworks under the loading conditions investigated.
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