ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2026
Cerebrovascular-CSF coupling measured by broadband near-infrared spectroscopy as a physiological marker of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and impaired glymphatic clearance. These dysfunctions may precede, contribute to, and interact bidirectionally with AD pathology, highlighting the importance of identifying physiological markers for the early detection of AD. Noninvasive approaches for assessing these processes and identifying early biomarkers remain limited. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a central role in clearing neurotoxins from the brain, but current methods for quantifying CSF dynamics are invasive, costly, and not well suited for early detection of AD. Methods: Broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) provides a promising alternative by enabling noninvasive measurement of total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) and CSF-related free-water fluctuations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study, we quantified cerebrovascular-CSF coupling using two-channel bbNIRS (2bbNIRS) in three groups: healthy young adults (YA; Results: The results showed that (1) HbT-CSF coupling was significantly stronger in the AD group than in healthy OA across all frequency bands, and (2) coupling exhibited clear age dependence, with YA showing the weakest prefrontal HbT-CSF coupling. Discussion: These trends may reflect age- and disease-related reductions in cerebrovascular elasticity and intracranial compliance. Enhanced coupling in the AD group may represent an early compensatory response to impaired CSF transport. Overall, this work demonstrates that 2bbNIRS offers a noninvasive, low-cost method for quantifying cerebrovascular-CSF interactions in the human PFC, with promising potential as a physiological marker of brain aging and early AD.
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